One line of my research examines how work intersects with family dynamics to shape gender inequality. Despite major gains in women’s education and employment, family roles remain deeply gendered and continue to impede women’s advancement. My scholarship seeks to illuminate pathways through which changes in the workplace can advance gender equality across both work and family domains. Below are some select projects and publications. For a full publication list, please visit my Google Scholar profile.
Dissertation Project: Power and Status in Public and Private Spheres: Gender, Workplace Authority, and Family Dynamics in China”
Workplace authority, the legitimate power to influence others, is a pivotal lever for transforming gender norms and family life. My dissertation is among the first to examine workplace authority at the work-family interface in a non-Western context. Using two large-scale Chinese surveys spanning over two decades, I examine gender inequality in authority and its consequences for domestic labour and well-being. Fixed-effects results show that overall, parenthood diminishes women’s, but not men’s, prospects for authority. However, these patterns vary by employment sector, with a more pronounced disadvantage against mothers in the private sector than in the state sector. Importantly, when women attain authority, housework division becomes more equal, and husbands with gender egalitarian beliefs report higher well-being. These findings highlight workplace authority as a central mechanism that extends beyond work into the family to reshape gender inequality.
Changing Work arrangements and Their Implications
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Fuller, Sylvia, Manlin Cai, Richard Petts, Andrea Doucet, Anna Kurowska, Donna Lero, and Thordis Reimer. Online First. “Unpredictable Work Schedules and Gender Divisions of Domestic Labour.” Work and Occupations.
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Fuller, Sylvia, Manlin Cai, Andrea Doucet, and Siqi Qin. 2026. “Gender Divisions of Domestic Labour During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada: Did Increases in Father Involvement Persist through Later Stages?” Canadian Review of Sociology:e70018.
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Fuller, Sylvia, Manlin Cai, and Donna Lero. 2025. “The Work/Care Interface and Parents’ Mid-Pandemic Mental Health: Inequalities at the Intersection of Gender and High-Health-Risk Household Status.” Society and Mental Health 15(1): 75-93.
In addition to journal articles, I led a policy brief in partnership with the Vanier Institute of the Family on Canada’s care/work policies, which was also featured in the media by The Tyee.
- Cai, Manlin, Sylvia Fuller, and Donna Lero. 2025. “Care/Work Policies for Managing Routine and Unpredictable Caregiving.” The Vanier Institute of the Family.
The second line of my research focuses on inqualities and complexities racialized immigrants encounter in work-family lives. Understanding the intersection of race/ethnicity and immigration is crucial for social equity and inclusion in Canada, where over 25% of the population is visible minorities and 70% of them are immigrants. Below are some select publications.
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Cai, Manlin, Yue Qian, and Yang Hu. 2025. “The Efficiency Paradox: A Temporal Lens into Online Dating among Chinese Immigrants in Canada.” Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 42(8): 2167-2187.
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Cai, Manlin and Yue Qian. 2023. “Digital Ethnic Enclaves: Mate Preferences and Platform Choices Among Chinese Immigrant Online Daters in Vancouver.” Canadian Review of Sociology 60(1): 130-153.
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Lui, Lake, Manlin Cai, and Yue Qian. 2024. “Comfortably ‘Western’: How Chinese International Students Imagine Canada.” Canadian Ethnic Studies 56(2): 157-176.
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Qin, Siqi, Manlin Cai, Sylvia Fuller, and Yue Qian. 2022. “Gender, Parenthood and Employment During COVID-19: An Immigrant-Native Born Comparison in Canada.” Canadian Ethnic Studies 54(3): 63-108.